四级翻译基础训练第34关

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1 在中国，9月10日的教师节(Teacher's Day)是一个很重要的节日。这一天，人们用各种方式表达对教师的敬意。近年来，许多专家一直希望变更教师节的日期。一些研究中国传统文化的学者提出，教师节应该有其历史文化内涵。不久前，相关部门拟将教师节改至9月28日。那天被认为是孔子(Confucius)诞辰日。作为“先师”(First Teacher)，孔子是中国历史上最重要的教育家及哲学家。

参考答案：In China, the Teacher's Day on the September 10 is an important day on which people express their respect to their teachers in a variety of ways. For some recent years, many experts have been hoping to change the date of Teacher's Day. Some scholars in traditional Chinese culture suggested that the Teachers' Day should have historical and cultural associations. Not long ago, the department concerned considered moving Teachers' Day to Sept 28, which is believed to be the birthday of Confucius. As the First Teacher, Confucius is the most important educationalist and philosopher in Chinese history.
系统解析：
1.仔细分析发现，第2句“这—天……”跟第1句语义联系紧密，故将两句“合译”，用on which引导的非限制性定语从句来引出第2句的内容。状语“用各种方式”用介词短语in a variety of ways来表达，置于句末。
2.第3句“近年来，许多专家一直希望……”时态宜用现在完成进行时，表示动作的延续性，译作for some recent years, many experts have been hoping to...。
3.第5和第6句“不久前，相关部门拟……9月28日，那天被认为是……”意义上有关联，都提到同一日期，宜“合译”，以9用28日为先行词，后一句用which引等的定语从句来表达。
4.最后一句中的状语“作为‘先师’”用介词短语as the First Teacher来表达。时间状语“中国历史上”按照英文表达习惯将其置于句末，表达为in Chinese history。

2 和亲(peace-making marriage)政策可以追溯到西汉时期(the Western Han Dynasty)。当时西汉政府为了缓和与匈奴的关系，将公主嫁给匈奴部落(Xiongnu tribes)的首领。人们对和亲一直有着不同的看法。有人对和亲持肯定态度，因为和亲可以停止战争，与少数民族建立和平友好的关系而另一些人则认为和亲政策是一种妥协和投降。总的来说，和亲政策有利有弊，应放在当时的历史环境下来考虑。

参考答案：The policy of peace-making marriage can date back to the Western Han Dynasty. At that time, the government of Western Han married its princesses to the heads of Xiongnu tribes in order to smooth out the relationship between the two parties. People always have different opinions towards the policy. Some people hold a positive attitude towards it, as peace-making marriage can put an end to the war and build up a peaceful and friendly relationship with the minority groups. Others consider the policy a kind of compromise and surrender. Generally speaking, the policy peace-making marriage had its pros and cons, which should be considered under the historical circumstance at that time.
系统解析：
1.第2句中的“为了缓和与匈奴的关系”表目的，故将其译作状语in order to...放在句末。而“将公主嫁给……”作句子的谓宾成分，译作marry its princesses to...。
2.第4句“有人对和亲持肯定态度，因为……”的后半句可用as引导的原因状语从句来处理。
3.倒数第2句“而另一些人则认为和亲政策是一种妥协和投降”可套用句型consider sth. (be/as) sth.，译作others consider the policy a kind of compromise and surrender。
4.最后一句中的“应放在当时的历史环境下来考虑”处理成由which引导的非限制性定语从句，并用被动语态来表达，译为 which should be considered...，其中“环境”应选用circumstance，而不能用 environment，因为后者指的是自然生态环境，而非文中表示的人文社会历史状况。

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